黑龙江省绥棱县克音河中学 谷俊明

　　摘要：中考英语以书面形式考查“说”的技能是一种有效的途径，因为口试目前难以操作，难以做到公平、公正。本文结合实例阐述中考“情景交际”试题的命题的原则和方法。

　　关键词：情景交际;命题;原则;方法

　　情景交际题用于考查说的技能，通过书面形式呈现语境，让考生从口头的角度传达信息、完成相关任务。由于实施大规模的口试还很困难，还没能在中考中全面铺开，所以书面笔试形式还是考查口语表达能力的首选。

　　王才仁教授在《英语教学的实质是交际》一文中谈到：“交际”一词的英语是communication，原意是“共享”、“共有”，现在释义为the exchange of ideas, feelings and information，即思想、感情和信息的交流，这是根据社会发展做出的新界定。可见，交际教学是多么地重要。优化中考口语表达能力测试题型，对交际教学将会起到极大的反拨作用。

　　一、设计情景交际试题应遵循的几个原则

　　1、 体现互动性，让学生在作答过程中体验到自己是交谈中的角色。

　　2、 对功能意念项目的考查可采用选择式，题干呈现小情境。

　　3、 选编的对话要自然，符合基本的英语表达习惯。

　　4、 对话内容应适合学生的年龄特点、生活经历和社会实践。

　　5、 可用小对话，考查正确运用日常交际用语的能力。

　　6、 针对话题对话可采用开放性的填空形式，为自主交流创造机会与空间。

　　二、情景交际试题型及命题办法

　　(一) 选择式

　　【例1】选择适当的语句完成小对话

　　-I’ve passed the exam.

　　-______

　　A. Congratulations! B. Bad luck!

　　C. Thank you for telling me D. It’s nothing.

　　(考查项目：祝贺用语)

　　【例2】选择正确的应答(我省的情景交际A题)

　　1. Oh, no. You needn’t write it again. It’s good composition except for the spelling mistakes.

　　2. Take the medicine, and you’ll be all right in one or two weeks.

　　3. Are you all right? It’s so late. We were worrying all the time.

　　4. I wonder if I could trouble you a few minutes, Mr Simpson.

　　5. I’d like to set my watch. It stopped again. What’s the date?

　　6. It seems to me popular music is terrible. The singers all act strangely. They shout instead of singing.

　　7. Slow down, Bret. I see a police car behind us.

　　8. Would you like me to check on the computer to see if it’s been taken out?

　　9. We’ll meet at 6:30 in the restaurant. Will that be fine with you?

　　10. Oh, come on. Look on the bright side. You can have a good rest for a few days and find a better job.

　　A. I’m sorry. I’m quite all right, but my car isn’t.

　　B. Certainly. What is it?

　　C. Yes, it’ll be OK with me.

　　D. I will do better next time.

　　E. I’m afraid I can’t agree with you.

　　F. Yes, please do.

　　G. It’s June 19.

　　H. I hope so.

　　I. My goodness!

　　J. I wish I could be all right tomorrow.

　　(Key：1-5 DJABG 6-10 EIFCH)

　　【例3】七选五

　　A: I decide to improve my English from now on.

　　B: Oh, really? (1) ________________

　　A: The best time to read English is morning. So I want to read English for an hour in the early morning.

　　B: (2) __________________

　　A: And I want to learn English on TV.

　　B: (3) _________________

　　A: I want to do more exercises and keep a diary in English every day.

　　B : (4) _________________

　　A: Yes. (5) _________________

　　B: Great! But you see, you spend so much time learning English every day. Then what are you going to do with the other subjects?

　　A: I’ve no idea.

　　A. Why do you plan to do so?

　　B. How do you like my plan?

　　C. Is that all?

　　D. What are you going to do?

　　E. Oh, that's a very good idea.

　　F. Do you need any help?

　　G. Anything else?

　　(Key：1-5 DEGCB)

　　【例4】完形填空

　　A: Oh, dear. I can’t fix this seat-belt.

　　B: (1)______

　　A: Oh, thank you.

　　B: It’s very easy, like this… (2)______

　　A: Oh, no. I flew from New York to Paris once, but it was a long time ago.

　　B: I see. (3)______

　　A: Yes. I’m going to see my little grandson.

　　B: Oh, that’s nice.

　　A: Yes, my daughter lives in Australia and I live in New York, so I don’t see her very often.

　　She married an Australian, you know.

　　B: That’s nice. And (4)______

　　A: He’s only four months old. I’m so excited.

　　B: I’m sure you are. I love children, and I have a daughter myself. She’s two years old.

　　A: How lovely! And do you live in Sydney?

　　B: No, I live in Ireland, but I go to Australia twice a year on business.

　　A: Oh, dear! What’s that noise?

　　B: Don’t worry. (5)______

　　A: I see.

　　1. A. What’s wrong? B. Can I help you?

　　C. Who can fix the seat-belt? D. It’s broken. Let me help mend it.

　　2. A. Is this your first flight? B. How often do you fly to Australia?

　　C. Now, can you fix it? D. Have you ever been to Australia?

　　3. A. Are you going to see your grandson? B. Are you going to stay in Sydney?

　　C. Where are you going?

　　D. Are you going to stay in New York?

　　4. A. What’s your grandson’s name? B. How is your grandson?

　　C. How old is your grandson? D. Is your grandson four months?

　　5. A. We’re in Australia now. B. I have fixed the seat-belt for you.

　　C. The plane will land. D. We’re going to take off.

　　(Key：1-5 BABCD)

　　本题型设题角度灵活，较补全话题对话涉及项目更宽泛。为了使语境充分，对话信息语

　　句可以稍多一些，体现情景的真实性。例1的空格后最好不加标点，这样设置选项不受标点限制。

　　(二)填空式

　　【例1】用词填空

　　Ann : Hello . is Tina there ?

　　Tina : Hello, Ann. (1) is Tina.

　　Ann : Could I borrow your CD player tomorrow, please?

　　Tina : Sorry. It’s not a very good (2) . Could you speak more loudly, please?

　　Ann : Sure. I said, could I borrow your CD player , please ? Mine is (3) .

　　Tina : Of course. (4) 4 do you want it?

　　Ann : Tomorrow if possible.

　　Tina : OK. I’ll (5) it to school in the morning.

　　Ann : Thanks! Bye.

　　(Key: 1. This 2. line 3. broken 4. When 5. bring)

　　【例2】用词语或句子填空(词数不限)

　　A: Something terrible happened to me this morning.

　　B: ???What ________________________________________(1)?

　　A: I got a ticket from a policeman.

　　B: Were _______________________ (2)?

　　A: No. ???The police gave me a ticket for littering.

　　B: Oh, I’ve warned(警告) you about that. I’ve seen you littering a few times before. I thought _____________________ (3).

　　A: All I was doing was drinking a bottle of Coke.

　　B: ???And ________________________ (4)?

　　A: Well…I threw it on the ground.

　　B: ???I’m afraid ______________________ (5). So you’ll have to….

　　A: Er…I’ll have to pay for it.

　　B: How much is it?

　　A: It’s 50 yuan. A lot of money for not throwing my empty bottle in the garbage(垃圾) box.

　　B: Yes, but that will teach you not to litter any more.

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