1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look,
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意
一 . 何谓主系表结构:所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。
1. 主语( Subject ):主语是一句话的中心,表示所说的是谁或是什么,其位置一般放在句首。英语中主语一般不省略。主语主要由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用的短语或从句来充当。例如:
Li Lei is a Chinese boy. ( Li Lei 是名词,作主语。)
He is from England. ( He 是代词,作主语。)
Feeding the birds is my hobby. (“ Feeding the birds ”是动名词短语,作主语。)
What she said is right. (“ What she said ”是从句,作主语。)
2. 系动词( Link verb ):系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语。简单地说,将主语和表语联系在一起,并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。目前学到的系动词有 be , feel , look , sound , taste , smell 等。例如:
This flower is beautiful.
I felt very tired.
You look worried.
It tastes delicious.
3. 表语( Predicative ):表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的。它又叫作主语补足语。表语位于系动词之后,主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词(短语)或动名词(短语)等来充当。例如:
I am fine . ( fine 是形容词,作表语)
He is a boy . ( boy 是名词,作表语)
Five plus two is seven . ( seven 是数词,作表语)
We are here . ( here 是副词,作表语)
He is not at home . (“ at home ”是介词短语,作表语)
My hobby is reading . ( reading 是动名词,作表语)
主系表结构:本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。
系动词有:
1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;
2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
3.表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old.
The cake tastes delicious.
The potatoes went bad in the fields.
Deep water stays still.
He was at work.
She is in good health.
It is beyond my ability.
I was at a loss.
You are under arrest.
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